Assam is one of the Northeast Indian states, each rich with history and diversity and full of beauty in nature. This state holds several heritage sites that represent its distinct heritage, wildlife, and landscapes. Among these heritage sites, Assam is proud of two, which belong to UNESCO World Heritage Sites: wholly or partially, for their outstanding universal value. These places are important for both cultural and natural significance and also welcome thousands of visitors from across the world every year.
This article will examine UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Assam, dig into their historical and cultural significance, and how these sites have been playing a significant role in conserving the natural and cultural heritage of the state.
How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites exist in Assam?
Assam is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites;
Kaziranga National Park
Manas National Park
Both of these sites are praised for their natural beauty and exceptional biodiversity. Both form a crucial part of India’s ecological conservation efforts as they represent the wildlife and cultural heritage of Assam.
Let’s now dive into each of these iconic World Heritage Sites in Assam.
1. Kaziranga National Park: One-Horned Rhinoceros Sanctuary
Kaziranga National Park is one of the most well-known wildlife sanctuaries in India and the world, located in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam. In 1985, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its outstanding natural beauty and the crucial role it plays in the conservation of endangered species, particularly the Indian one-horned rhinoceros.
Importance of Kaziranga National Park
Kaziranga is said to be home to more than 2,400 one-horned rhinoceroses. In fact, the national park holds more than two-thirds of the world’s one-horned rhino population. Spread over approximately 1,000 square kilometers, Kaziranga National Park is an area of marshes, tall grasses, and tropical forests supporting a range of wildlife.
Flora and Fauna: Other than the one-horned rhinoceros, there are several other species, including Bengal tigers, Asiatic elephants, wild buffaloes, swamp deer, and Hog deer. It is a birdwatcher’s paradise as well, with more than 480 species of birds found within the park, such as migratory species like the Bengal florican and greater adjutant storks.
Conservation Efforts: Kaziranga has emerged as a symbol of successful conservation. This area of the park has been instrumental in the recovery of the one-horned rhinoceros population, thanks to the Kaziranga Wildlife Conservation Society, in collaboration with the Assam Forest Department. The park falls within the Kaziranga-Karbi Anglong Landscape, a unique conservation area that connects Kaziranga to surrounding wildlife regions, protecting corridors for wildlife and natural processes, making it an excellent site.
Activities and Attractions
Jeep Safaris and Elephant Rides: One can explore Kaziranga’s rich biodiversity through jeep safaris and elephant rides. These are the best ways to spot animals like rhinoceroses, tigers, and elephants.
Birdwatching: The diverse ecosystems of the park make it an excellent location for birdwatching. Bird enthusiasts can spot species like the Indian roller, black-necked stork, and spot-billed pelican.
River Cruises: The park runs along the Brahmaputra River. River cruises are available and offer a completely different view of the park’s wildlife and scenic beauty.
2. Manas National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve
Situated between Assam and Bhutan borders, Manas National Park also represents a UN heritage site while strongly serving in preserving biodiversity. Its site was classified into being a world heritage in 1985 based on unique grasslands and forest, swampland ecosystem and dwelling home to multiple endangered species of the world.
Significance of Manas National Park
Manas is not only famous for its wildlife but also for its cultural significance. The park lies in the foothills of the Himalayas, and the geographical location of the park is such that it accommodates various habitats, ranging from tropical forests to grasslands. This diversity supports an impressive array of flora and fauna.
Biodiversity: The park harbors a significant number of species, including the tiger, Asian elephant, Indian rhinoceros, and the elusive clouded leopard. It is also one of the few places in the world where the wild water buffalo is found.
UNESCO Recognition: Manas was recognized as a World Heritage Site not only for its biodiversity but also for its role in the conservation of wildlife in the region. The park is part of the Manas-Bhutan Landscape, which has been designated as a Biosphere Reserve. This ensures its protection as part of a larger landscape that spans across two countries, making it an essential site for international wildlife preservation.
Activities and Attractions
Jeep Safaris: Like Kaziranga, Manas provides jeep safaris in which visitors can tour the various ecosystems and wildlife in the park.
Elephant Safaris: Elephant safaris are another common method of visiting Manas and provide a more peaceful view of the wildlife in the park.
Birdwatching: Manas is also renowned as a paradise for bird watchers with more than 450 species of birds, among which are golden-headed cisticola, white-winged wood duck, and the Bengal florican.
Rafting and River Cruises: The national park is alongside the Manas River, where visitors can engage in rafting within the river as part of their adventure in this beautiful national park.
Importance of World Heritage Sites in Assam
Apart from being icons of Assam’s identity, Kaziranga and Manas, the two UNESCO World Heritage Sites located in Assam, are crucial for the legacy of India’s environment and culture. These sites:
Have been aiding in conserving endangered species such as Indian one-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tiger, and wild water buffalo.
Promote Sustainable Tourism: By attracting eco-tourists, these parks help raise awareness about wildlife conservation and the importance of protecting natural habitats. Sustainable tourism ensures that the long-term preservation of the parks can continue while retaining some economic benefits for local communities.
Contribute to Local Economy: Tourism centered around these UNESCO World Heritage Sites significantly contributes to the local economy through employment, infrastructure development, and promotion of local handicrafts, culture, and cuisine.
The Role of UNESCO World Heritage Status in Conservation
Being declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site has globally recognized Kaziranga and Manas, placing them on an international platform to be conserved. The UNESCO status brought in international backing, financial assistance, and cooperation by local, national, and international bodies to ensure the protection of these invaluable systems. Global recognition has also forced more stringent law and conservation attempts at reducing man-induced threats through poaching, deforestation, and human-wildlife conflicts.
Challenges and Conservation Efforts
Both Kaziranga and Manas, being World Heritage Sites, have considerable issues to address. Rhinoceros and other endangered species are poached extensively; however, due to wildlife authorities, it has considerably come down. The most major threat for Kaziranga is the floods caused due to the Brahmaputra River on which it lies. State governments along with local authority officials are making significant efforts in terms of the effect of climate change, human encroachment, and natural calamities.
Both parks have been involved in community-based conservation programs, engaging local communities in eco-tourism, wildlife protection, and sustainable livelihoods.
Conclusion
The Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park are real gems that demonstrate Assam’s great biodiversity and cultural importance in being UNESCO World Heritage Sites. While these parks provide a shelter to rare and endangered species, they also reflect the ecological balance needed for the entire world. These sites will present a real wilderness experience for nature lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and eco-tourists while providing support to the cause of conservation on earth.
Assam’s rich natural heritage and its UNESCO World Heritage Sites stand as a testament to the state’s dedication to preserving the beauty and biodiversity of the region for generations to come. Whether you’re an avid wildlife photographer, a nature lover, or simply someone looking to experience the cultural richness of Assam, these World Heritage Sites provide a glimpse into the ecological wonders of India’s northeastern frontier.
