Assam, located in the northeastern region of India, is known for its lush landscapes, rich biodiversity, and diverse ecosystems. From the mighty Brahmaputra River to the hilly terrains of the Eastern Himalayas, Assam is home to a remarkable array of wildlife. Its abundance of wildlife sanctuaries makes it one of India’s prime destinations for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. These sanctuaries, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, play a crucial role in preserving Assam’s unique flora and fauna.
In this article, we will explore the wildlife sanctuaries in Assam, how many there are, and why these sanctuaries are vital to conservation efforts. We will also look at some of the largest wildlife sanctuaries in Assam and provide a comprehensive list of the sanctuaries.
How Many Wildlife Sanctuaries Are There in Assam?
Assam is home to an impressive number of wildlife sanctuaries that span across its diverse geography. The state boasts 18 wildlife sanctuaries, each serving as an important protected area for various species of flora and fauna. These sanctuaries are spread across the state’s forests, wetlands, grasslands, and hilly areas, offering diverse habitats for wildlife.
These sanctuaries are not only a haven for endangered species but also contribute significantly to the conservation of Assam’s natural heritage. From tiger reserves to bird sanctuaries, each sanctuary in Assam has its unique features that attract tourists, researchers, and wildlife lovers from across the globe.
Why Are Wildlife Sanctuaries Important in Assam?
Wildlife sanctuaries are crucial for protecting and conserving wildlife, especially in a state like Assam, which is home to a wealth of endangered species. These sanctuaries provide a safe habitat for animals and birds, where they can thrive without the threat of poaching or habitat destruction. Assam’s sanctuaries also play a vital role in preserving the ecological balance of the region, as many of these sanctuaries are part of larger conservation efforts that involve both India and neighboring countries.
Furthermore, Assam’s wildlife sanctuaries are of immense importance for eco-tourism. They attract thousands of visitors every year, boosting the local economy and raising awareness about conservation issues.
List of Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam
Here is a comprehensive list of the wildlife sanctuaries in Assam:
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Kaziranga National Park – Famous for its population of one-horned rhinoceroses, Kaziranga is one of the most renowned wildlife sanctuaries in Assam and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It also houses tigers, elephants, and wild buffaloes.
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Manas Wildlife Sanctuary – Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, this sanctuary is located on the border of Assam and Bhutan. Manas is famous for its biodiversity, including the rare golden langur and Indian rhinoceros.
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Nameri National Park – Situated in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, Nameri is known for its rich birdlife, including the endangered white-winged wood duck, and its diverse flora and fauna.
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Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary – This sanctuary is home to the Hoolock gibbon, India’s only ape species, and a variety of other primates. Located in Jorhat, it is one of Assam’s lesser-known but highly important wildlife sanctuaries.
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Khamarbandha Wildlife Sanctuary – This sanctuary is located in the Nagaon district and is primarily known for its wetlands and bird species. It is particularly a great spot for birdwatchers.
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Burasapori Wildlife Sanctuary – Situated on the southern banks of the Brahmaputra, this sanctuary is known for its marshland and is home to several species of migratory birds and other wildlife.
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Raimona National Park – This relatively new addition to Assam’s wildlife sanctuaries, located in the western part of the state, is famous for its pristine forests, wildlife, and the potential it holds for eco-tourism.
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Dehing Patkai Wildlife Sanctuary – Known for its rich biodiversity and tropical rainforests, Dehing Patkai is an essential sanctuary in Assam. It’s also referred to as the “Amazon of the East” due to its vast forests and diverse wildlife.
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Dibru-Saikhowa National Park – This park is located in the northeastern part of Assam and is an important sanctuary for river dolphins, tigers, and several species of birds.
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Bherjan-Borjan-Padumoni Wildlife Sanctuary – This sanctuary is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including elephants, tigers, and many species of birds.
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Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary – Located in the Kokrajhar district, Chakrashila is famous for its grassland ecosystem and the endangered golden langur.
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Joypur Wildlife Sanctuary – This sanctuary in the Tinsukia district is known for its dense forests, rich birdlife, and is a significant habitat for elephants and tigers.
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Pakke Wildlife Sanctuary – Located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas, Pakke is home to elephants, tigers, and a variety of other wildlife species. It is also recognized as an important bird conservation area.
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Garampani Wildlife Sanctuary – Located in the Karbi Anglong district, Garampani is known for its hot springs and rich biodiversity, including various species of reptiles and mammals.
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Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary – Situated in the western part of Assam, Sonai Rupai is a relatively small but ecologically significant sanctuary that protects species such as elephants and tigers.
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Kaliabor Wildlife Sanctuary – Known for its marshy terrain, this sanctuary is home to a variety of migratory birds and other wildlife species, including the famous one-horned rhinoceros.
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Mikir Hills Wildlife Sanctuary – This sanctuary is located in the central part of Assam and is home to a range of animals, including elephants, tigers, and a variety of birds.
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Darrang Wildlife Sanctuary – Located in the Darrang district, this sanctuary is known for its wetlands and rich birdlife, especially during the migratory season.
Largest Wildlife Sanctuary in Assam
Among the many sanctuaries in Assam, Kaziranga National Park stands out as the largest wildlife sanctuary in the state. Spread over approximately 1,100 square kilometers, Kaziranga is not only the largest but also one of the most important conservation areas in India, primarily due to its significant population of the endangered one-horned rhinoceros. The park is also home to tigers, elephants, wild water buffaloes, and over 500 species of birds, making it an essential destination for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.
Total Wildlife Sanctuaries in Assam
As mentioned earlier, Assam has 18 wildlife sanctuaries, each of which plays a unique role in preserving the state’s biodiversity. These sanctuaries help protect endangered species, contribute to the local economy through eco-tourism, and provide an opportunity for research on the diverse ecosystems of the region.
Conclusion
Assam’s wildlife sanctuaries are a testament to the state’s natural beauty and ecological diversity. With its rich flora and fauna, Assam offers a unique opportunity to witness wildlife in its natural habitat. Whether it’s the famed Kaziranga National Park or the lesser-known Hoollongapar Gibbon Sanctuary, Assam’s sanctuaries are key to preserving the wildlife and natural resources of the region.
For nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts, Assam’s wildlife sanctuaries provide an opportunity to explore some of India’s most diverse ecosystems. As the state continues its conservation efforts, these sanctuaries will remain critical in safeguarding the rich biodiversity of the region for future generations to enjoy.
